Momeni A, Karakus M, Khanlari GR, Heidari M (2015) Effects of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties of a granite. Miao S, Pan P-Z, Zhao S, Han J, Konicek P (2021b) A new DIC-based method to identify the crack mechanism and applications in fracture analysis of red sandstone containing a single flaw. Miao S, Pan P-Z, Wu Z, Li S, Zhao S (2018) Fracture analysis of sandstone with a single filled flaw under uniaxial compression. Miao S, Pan P-Z, Konicek P, Yu P, Liu K (2021a) Rock damage and fracturing induced by high static stress and slightly dynamic disturbance with acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques. Meng Q, Zhang M, Han L, Pu H, Nie T (2016) Effects of acoustic emission and energy evolution of rock specimens under the uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression. Liu Y, Dai F, Dong L, Xu N, Feng P (2017) Experimental investigation on the fatigue mechanical properties of intermittently jointed rock models under cyclic uniaxial compression with different loading parameters. Liu XS, Ning JG, Tan YL, Gu QH (2016) Damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation for intact rock subjected to cyclic loading. Liu E, He S (2012) Effects of cyclic dynamic loading on the mechanical properties of intact rock samples under confining pressure conditions. Li T, Pei X, Guo J, Meng M, Huang R (2020) An energy-based fatigue damage model for sandstone subjected to cyclic loading. Lajtai EZ (1971) A theoretical and experimental evaluation of the Griffith theory of brittle fracture. Karekal S, Hood M (2011) Fracturing mechanism of rock under variable amplitude cyclic loading and implications for design of lightweight rock cutting machines Hashash YMA, Hook JJ, Schmidt B, Yao IC (2001) Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Han Y, Ma H, Yang C, Zhang N, Daemen JJK (2020) A modified creep model for cyclic characterization of rock salt considering the effects of the mean stress, half-amplitude and cycle period. Haimson BC, Kim CM (1972) Mechanical behaviour of rock under cyclic fatigue Geranmayeh Vaneghi R, Thoeni K, Dyskin AV, Sharifzadeh M, Sarmadivaleh M (2020) Strength and damage response of sandstone and granodiorite under different loading conditions of multistage uniaxial cyclic compression. ĭuan M, Jiang C, Xing H, Zhang D, Peng K, Zhang W (2020) Study on damage of coal based on permeability and load-unload response ratio under tiered cyclic loading. Soc Petrol Eng J 3:1–8Ĭerfontaine B, Collin F (2017) Cyclic and fatigue behaviour of rock materials: review, interpretation and research perspectives. University of Toronto Torontoīurdine NT (1963) Rock failure under dynamic loading conditions. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applicationsīanadaki MMD (2010) Stress-wave induced fracture in rock due to explosive action. Īnderson TL (2017) Fracture mechanics: fundamentals and applications. Horsetail cracks and anti-wing cracks exhibit comparable displacement jumps in both normal and tangential directions, suggesting a mixed tensile-shear mode of crack propagation.Īinalis D, Kaufmann O, Tshibangu J-P, Verlinden O, Kouroussis G (2016) Modelling the source of blasting for the numerical simulation of blast-induced ground vibrations: a review. Horsetail cracks and anti-wing cracks initiate within fan-shaped strain zones of great size, driven by high compressive-shear stress, and rapidly propagate in the last one or two stress levels, leading to the detection of abundant high-amplitude AE events. The analysis of normal and shear displacements indicates that wing cracks are primarily tensile, with significant normal opening displacements and negligible shear displacements. Tensile wing cracks propagate stably during the stepwise cyclic loading process, accompanied by scattered low-amplitude AE events and a linear increase in cumulative AE counts. Moreover, the energy dissipation behavior becomes more consistent among the five cycles as the stress levels increase. The dissipation factor decreases initially and then reaches a constant value as the upper-stress limit increases. Experimental results reveal that residual strain gradually increases with an increasing number of cycles, and the increase in stress level induces a sudden rise in both elastic and dissipated energy density. The degradation of rocks is characterized by the evolution of residual strain, energy density, and cracking behaviors of flawed specimens while considering the effect of flaw inclination angle on the mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors of rocks. This study comprehensively investigates the damage and fracturing behaviors of sandstone specimens containing a single flaw under stepwise cyclic loading using digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques.
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